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Tulcea County

Coordinates: 44°59′N 28°46′E / 44.98°N 28.77°E / 44.98; 28.77
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Tulcea County
Județul Tulcea
County
Coat of arms of Tulcea County
Coat of arms
Administrative map of Romania with Tulcea county highlighted
Coordinates: 44°59′N 28°46′E / 44.98°N 28.77°E / 44.98; 28.77
CountryRomania
Development regionSud-Est
Historical regionDobruja
CapitalTulcea
Government
 • President of the County BoardHoria Teodorescu [ro] (PSD)
 • PrefectAlexandru Dan Munteanu [ro]
Area
 • Total
8,484 km2 (3,276 sq mi)
 • Rank4th
Population
 (2021-12-01)[1]
 • Total
193,355
 • Rank40th
 • Density23/km2 (59/sq mi)
Telephone code(+40) 240 or (+40) 340[2]
ISO 3166 codeRO-TL
GDP (nominal)US$ 1.378 billion (2015)
GDP per capitaUS$ 6,838 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Council
County Prefecture
Map of Tulcea County.

Tulcea County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtult͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea. It includes in its northeast corner the large and thinly-populated estuary of the Danube.

Demographics

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In 2021, Tulcea County had a population of 193,355. The population density was 22.8/km2, the lowest among the counties of Romania, due to the inclusion within the area of the lowly-populated Danube estuarial wetlands.

In the Danube Delta there is an important community of Russians and Lipovans. In the south of the county there are communities of Turks. The region once was a centre of Islam in Romania.

Year County population[4]
1948 192,228 Steady
1956 223,719 Increase
1966 236,709 Increase
1977 254,531 Increase
1992 270,197 Increase
2002 256,492 Decrease
2011 201,462 Decrease
2021 193,355 Decrease
Ethnicity 2002[5] 2011[6] 2021[6]
Total 256,492 213,083 193,355
Romanian 230,843 (90%) 180,496 (84.71%) 153,094 (79.18%)
Lipovan 16,350 (6.4%) 10,342 (4.85%) 8,010 (4.14%)
Roma 2,272 (0.88%) 3,423 (1.61%) 3,963 (2.05%)
Turks 3,334 (1.3%) 1,674 (0.78%) 993 (0.51%)
Ukrainian 1,279 (0.5%) 1,083 (0.51%) 900 (0.47%)
Greek 1,680 (0.64%) 1,181 (0.55%) 266 (0.14%)
Tatar 179 (0.07%) 119 (0.06%) 106 (0.05%)
Bulgarian 61 (0.02%) 23 (0.01%) 34 (0.02%)
Others 494 (0.19%) 14,742 (6.92%) 25,989 (13.44%)

Geography

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The county has a total area of 8,484 km2 (3,276 sq mi).

The Palace of the Danube Commission in Sulina, Tulcea County, Romania, from 1868 to 1921
Ruins of the Noviodunum fortress

The most significant feature of Tulcea County is the Danube Delta, which occupies about 1/3 of the entire surface and is located in the North-East side of the county. The Delta has three main branches: the Sulina branch (the only one navigable by large ships) in the middle, the Chilia branch in the North (the border with Ukraine) and the Sfântu Gheorghe branch (Saint George) in the South.

In the South-East of the county there are two lagoons: Razelm Lake and Sinoe Lake. In the Danube Delta and in the South—in the area between the Sfântu Gheorghe Channel and Razelm Lake—there are countless channels and small lakes. The entire area is included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites and Biosphere reserves.

The Danube River flows around the county in the West and North side. In the West, there is the Măcin Branch which flows on the East side of the Great Brăila Island. From Smârdan (on the opposite side from Brăila) to Pătlăgeanca (close to Tulcea), the Danube has only one big flow of water, around which there are an immense number of lakes and small channels.

In the center of the county, there is the Casincea Plateau and the Măcin Mountains—the remains of a prehistorical mountains range (more than 400 million years old), with the greatest height at about 400 m.

Neighbours

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Romanian Counties

Economy

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Agriculture and fishing are the main occupations, involving about 48% of the population. Industry is concentrated in the large towns only.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Food industry.
  • Textile industry.
  • Ship building industry.
  • Metallurgy - aluminium.
  • Chemical industry.
  • Construction materials.

Tourism

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Tourism is an important activity in the county, the Danube Delta being one of the most visited areas in Romania.

The main destinations for tourists are:

Politics

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The Tulcea County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:[7]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 13                          
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 12                          
  PRO Romania (PRO) 3                          
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 2                          

Administrative divisions

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Tulcea harbour
Măcin
Scenery near Babadag.

Tulcea County has 1 municipality, 4 towns and 46 communes.

Municipalities
  • Tulcea - capital city; population: 73,707 (as of 2011)
Towns
Communes

Historical county

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Județul Tulcea
County (Județ)
The Tulcea prefecture building from the interwar period, now the Tulcea Art Museum.
The Tulcea prefecture building from the interwar period, now the Tulcea Art Museum.
Coat of arms of Județul Tulcea
Coat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionDobrogea
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Tulcea
Area
 • Total
8,628 km2 (3,331 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total
184,038
 • Density21/km2 (55/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the southeastern part of Greater Romania, in the region of north Dobruja. The borders of the historic county coincide with those of the present county. It bordered on the west with Brăila County, northwest with Covurlui County, to the north with Ismail County, to the south by Constanța County, and to the east and south-east with the Black Sea.

Administration

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Map of Tulcea County as constituted in 1938.

The county was originally divided administratively into four districts (plăși):[8]

  1. Plasa Babadag, headquartered at Babadag
  2. Plasa Gurile Dunării, headquartered at Tulcea
  3. Plasa Măcin, headquartered at Măcin
  4. Plasa Topolog, headquartered at Topolog

As in the present day there were five towns (cities): Tulcea (county headquarters), Babadag, Măcin, Isaccea and Sulina.

Population

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Map of Tulcea County's ethnic groups as reported in the 1930 census.

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 184,038 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 62.6% Romanians, 12.2% Russians, 10.6% Bulgarians, 2.5% Turks, 1.7% Greeks, 1.3% Germans, as well as other minorities.[9] From the religious point of view, the population was 85.8% Eastern Orthodox, 8.3% Old-Rite Lipovan Orthodox, 2.8% Muslim, 1.5% Roman Catholic, 0.6% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

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In 1930, the county's urban population was 41,632 inhabitants, comprising 64.7% Romanians, 12.8% Russians, 5.5% Turks, 4.4% Greeks, 3.3% Bulgarians, 2.5% Jews, 0.8% Germans, as well as other minorities. Mother tongues among the urban population were Romanian (69.4%), followed by Russian (15.0%), Turkish (5.5%), Greek (3.9%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities.[9] From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 87.5% Eastern Orthodox, 5.7% Muslim, 2.6% Jewish, 1.9% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tulcea County.
  1. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. ^ The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
  3. ^ National Institute of Statistics, [1]}}
  4. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
  5. ^ National Institute of Statistics, 2002 census: Ethnic structure per county
  6. ^ a b "Ethnic population at the censuses in the period 1930–2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  7. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  8. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Tulcea
  9. ^ a b Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 480
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